{"id":11929,"date":"2025-11-20T00:14:40","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T04:14:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fad-fep.ca\/reporterPlus\/?p=11929"},"modified":"2025-11-20T00:14:43","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T04:14:43","slug":"impact-ia-visibilite-journalisme-independants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fad-fep.ca\/reporterPlus\/2025\/11\/20\/impact-ia-visibilite-journalisme-independants\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019IA, ami des journalistes ind\u00e9pendants?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Une \u00e9tude<\/a> conduite aux \u00c9tats-Unis en 2022 demandait \u00e0 des \u00e9tudiants universitaires en fin de baccalaur\u00e9at s\u2019ils regrettaient leur domaine d\u2019\u00e9tude. Un domaine s\u2019y hissait loin devant tous les autres, avec 87% des \u00e9tudiants regrettant leur choix.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le journalisme.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et alors que plusieurs seraient tent\u00e9s de pointer l\u2019intelligence artificielle du doigt, ChatGPT n\u2019existait pas encore en 2022. Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne s\u2019explique plut\u00f4t par des \u00e9diteurs qui ferment, des postes qui disparaissent et une entr\u00e9e sur le march\u00e9 de plus en plus difficile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question n\u2019est donc pas de savoir si l\u2019IA allait aggraver la situation, mais plut\u00f4t si elle peut, d\u2019une fa\u00e7on ou d\u2019une autre, aider les journalistes ind\u00e9pendants \u00e0 rester visibles dans un milieu qui se r\u00e9tr\u00e9cissait d\u00e9j\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00e9clairer cette question, j\u2019ai discut\u00e9 avec Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Dufays Marinescu<\/strong><\/a>, journaliste ind\u00e9pendante et collaboratrice r\u00e9guli\u00e8re \u00e0 Le Devoir<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Les capacit\u00e9s limit\u00e9es de l’IA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne utilise l\u2019IA, mais dans un cadre tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9cis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Pour transcrire une entrevue, c\u2019est impeccable. Pour retrouver un passage audio pr\u00e9cis, aussi \u00bb, explique-t-elle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019IA lui permet ainsi de r\u00e9duire le temps consacr\u00e9 aux t\u00e2ches m\u00e9caniques. Ces gains d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 sont appr\u00e9ciables, surtout pour les pigistes qui travaillent seuls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais l\u2019outil atteint rapidement ses limites. Elle confie avoir d\u00e9j\u00e0 test\u00e9 ChatGPT pour \u00e9crire un article par curiosit\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le r\u00e9sultat? <\/strong>Voix robotique, hallucination, contenu de faible qualit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab L\u2019IA n\u2019a pas de contexte. Elle ne peut pas d\u00e9cider ce qui est important \u00bb, rappelle-t-elle. Elle ne choisit pas qui appeler, quel d\u00e9tail m\u00e9rite d’\u00eatre approfondi, ou encore si une r\u00e9ponse r\u00e9pond vraiment \u00e0 la question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et puis pour l’aspect humain, comme le r\u00e9sume Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

L\u2019IA n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 amoureuse. Elle n\u2019a jamais eu peur.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Autrement dit, l\u2019IA peut g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des textes sommaires, mais elle ne peut ni mener un travail journalistique, ni remplacer l’aspect humain des histoires du journalisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Visibilit\u00e9 dans un environnement satur\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Photo
Photo de Ryan Millsap via Unsplashed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019IA ne fait donc pas de journalisme concurrent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle contribue en fait \u00e0 un volume massif de contenu dit \u00ab AI Slop\u00bb qui occupe l’espace num\u00e9rique: articles synth\u00e9tiques, r\u00e9sum\u00e9s instantan\u00e9s, capsules calibr\u00e9es pour la viralit\u00e9 sur une plateforme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans ce flux constant, la visibilit\u00e9 devient un d\u00e9fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab L\u2019algorithme ne met pas en avant ce qui est rigoureux. Il met en avant ce qui circule \u00bb, souligne Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le travail s\u00e9rieux, pr\u00e9cis et v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 n\u2019est donc pas automatiquement r\u00e9compens\u00e9 par les plateformes r\u00e9gul\u00e9es par ces fameux algorithmes<\/em>. Mais \u00e0 ce jour, les plateformes journalistiques telles que La Presse<\/em> ou Le Devoir<\/em> existent encore et ne sont pas soumises \u00e0 la supr\u00e9matie de ces algorithmes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alors, pour les journalistes ind\u00e9pendants, l\u2019IA n\u2019est pas une menace directe, mais elle renforce un bruit ambiant qui existe cependant seulement sur ces plateformes \u00ab r\u00e9seaux sociaux \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Un ami des journalistes?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Au terme de notre \u00e9change, j’ai demand\u00e9 \u00e0 Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne si l’IA est finalement positive ou n\u00e9gative dans son travail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Je pense que \u00e7a peut \u00eatre les 2 \u00e0 la fois \u00bb, r\u00e9pond-elle. Mais elle rench\u00e9rit sur le fait que l’IA et le nouveau contexte qui en d\u00e9coule n\u00e9cessitent probablement une nouvelle r\u00e9glementation \u00ab souhaitable pour tout le domaine du journalisme, pour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, et m\u00eame pour la d\u00e9mocratie \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019IA modifie le paysage, influence indirectement la visibilit\u00e9, et demande une certaine adaptation de la part des journalistes et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais elle ne touche pas au c\u0153ur du m\u00e9tier. Elle modifie le contenant, mais pas le contenue de la pratique journalistique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019intelligence artificielle aide-t-elle les journalistes ind\u00e9pendants ou rend-elle leur visibilit\u00e9 encore plus difficile? Entrevue avec la journaliste Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Dufays Marinescu sur l\u2019impact de l\u2019IA, des algorithmes et du bruit num\u00e9rique sur le journalisme.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":11931,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,21],"tags":[343,235,175,174],"class_list":["post-11929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","category-journalisme","tag-ia","tag-intelligence-artificielle","tag-journalisme","tag-medias"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019IA, ami des journalistes ind\u00e9pendants? - Reporter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019intelligence artificielle aide-t-elle les journalistes ind\u00e9pendants ou rend-elle leur visibilit\u00e9 encore plus difficile? 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